{
  "pack": "originals-v1",
  "category": "science",
  "questions": [
    {
      "id": "science-001",
      "difficulty": "DIFFICULT",
      "type": "MULTIPLE_CHOICE",
      "prompt": "Phobos and Deimos are the two moons of which planet?",
      "options": ["Jupiter", "Mars", "Neptune", "Saturn"],
      "answer": 1,
      "explanation": "Mars has two small moons, Phobos and Deimos, both discovered by astronomer Asaph Hall in 1877.",
      "wildcard": false
    },
    {
      "id": "science-002",
      "difficulty": "STANDARD",
      "type": "MULTIPLE_CHOICE",
      "prompt": "What is the chemical symbol for gold?",
      "options": ["Ag", "Pt", "Au", "Gd"],
      "answer": 2,
      "explanation": "Gold's symbol, Au, comes from aurum, the Latin word for gold.",
      "wildcard": true
    },
    {
      "id": "science-003",
      "difficulty": "STANDARD",
      "type": "MULTIPLE_CHOICE",
      "prompt": "What is the largest planet in our solar system?",
      "options": ["Saturn", "Neptune", "Uranus", "Jupiter"],
      "answer": 3,
      "explanation": "Jupiter is more than twice as massive as all the other planets combined.",
      "wildcard": true
    },
    {
      "id": "science-004",
      "difficulty": "STANDARD",
      "type": "MULTIPLE_CHOICE",
      "prompt": "How many bones are in a typical adult human skeleton?",
      "options": ["186", "206", "226", "256"],
      "answer": 1,
      "explanation": "Adults typically have 206 bones; babies start out with more, and many fuse together as they grow.",
      "wildcard": true
    },
    {
      "id": "science-005",
      "difficulty": "STANDARD",
      "type": "MULTIPLE_CHOICE",
      "prompt": "Which mineral sits at 10, the very top of the Mohs hardness scale?",
      "options": ["Quartz", "Topaz", "Corundum", "Diamond"],
      "answer": 3,
      "explanation": "Diamond ranks 10 on the Mohs scale, just above corundum, the mineral in rubies and sapphires.",
      "wildcard": false
    },
    {
      "id": "science-006",
      "difficulty": "STANDARD",
      "type": "MULTIPLE_CHOICE",
      "prompt": "In Einstein's equation E = mc², what does the letter c represent?",
      "options": ["Speed of light", "Electric charge", "Heat capacity", "Gravitational constant"],
      "answer": 0,
      "explanation": "The c is the speed of light in a vacuum; squaring it is why a tiny mass holds so much energy.",
      "wildcard": true
    },
    {
      "id": "science-007",
      "difficulty": "STANDARD",
      "type": "MULTIPLE_CHOICE",
      "prompt": "Which gas makes up most of Earth's atmosphere?",
      "options": ["Oxygen", "Nitrogen", "Carbon dioxide", "Argon"],
      "answer": 1,
      "explanation": "Nitrogen is about 78% of the air we breathe; oxygen is about 21%.",
      "wildcard": false
    },
    {
      "id": "science-008",
      "difficulty": "STANDARD",
      "type": "MULTIPLE_CHOICE",
      "prompt": "Which part of a cell is often called its \"powerhouse\"?",
      "options": ["Nucleus", "Ribosome", "Mitochondrion", "Golgi apparatus"],
      "answer": 2,
      "explanation": "Mitochondria turn nutrients into ATP, the energy currency that cells run on.",
      "wildcard": true
    },
    {
      "id": "science-009",
      "difficulty": "STANDARD",
      "type": "MULTIPLE_CHOICE",
      "prompt": "What is the largest organ of the human body?",
      "options": ["Liver", "Brain", "Lungs", "Skin"],
      "answer": 3,
      "explanation": "The skin is the body's largest organ; the liver is the largest one inside the body.",
      "wildcard": true
    },
    {
      "id": "science-010",
      "difficulty": "STANDARD",
      "type": "MULTIPLE_CHOICE",
      "prompt": "Who set out the three laws of motion in his 1687 book, the Principia?",
      "options": ["Isaac Newton", "Galileo Galilei", "Johannes Kepler", "Robert Hooke"],
      "answer": 0,
      "explanation": "Isaac Newton published his laws of motion and universal gravitation in the Principia in 1687.",
      "wildcard": false
    },
    {
      "id": "science-011",
      "difficulty": "STANDARD",
      "type": "MULTIPLE_CHOICE",
      "prompt": "Which scientist discovered penicillin in 1928?",
      "options": ["Louis Pasteur", "Joseph Lister", "Edward Jenner", "Alexander Fleming"],
      "answer": 3,
      "explanation": "Fleming noticed a mold killing bacteria on a culture dish in his London lab in 1928.",
      "wildcard": false
    },
    {
      "id": "science-012",
      "difficulty": "STANDARD",
      "type": "MULTIPLE_CHOICE",
      "prompt": "Marie Curie won Nobel Prizes in physics and which other field?",
      "options": ["Medicine", "Chemistry", "Peace", "Literature"],
      "answer": 1,
      "explanation": "Curie won the 1903 Physics prize and the 1911 Chemistry prize, the first person ever to win two Nobels.",
      "wildcard": false
    },
    {
      "id": "science-013",
      "difficulty": "STANDARD",
      "type": "MULTIPLE_CHOICE",
      "prompt": "Which planet in our solar system has the hottest average surface temperature?",
      "options": ["Venus", "Mercury", "Mars", "Jupiter"],
      "answer": 0,
      "explanation": "Venus's thick carbon dioxide atmosphere traps heat, making it hotter than Mercury despite being farther from the Sun.",
      "wildcard": false
    },
    {
      "id": "science-014",
      "difficulty": "DIFFICULT",
      "type": "MULTIPLE_CHOICE",
      "prompt": "Which planet spins on its side, with an axial tilt of about 98 degrees?",
      "options": ["Neptune", "Saturn", "Uranus", "Venus"],
      "answer": 2,
      "explanation": "Uranus is tipped about 98 degrees, so it appears to roll around the Sun on its side.",
      "wildcard": false
    },
    {
      "id": "science-015",
      "difficulty": "DIFFICULT",
      "type": "MULTIPLE_CHOICE",
      "prompt": "After the Sun, which star system is the closest to Earth?",
      "options": ["Sirius", "Polaris", "Betelgeuse", "Alpha Centauri"],
      "answer": 3,
      "explanation": "The Alpha Centauri system, which includes Proxima Centauri, lies about 4.2 to 4.4 light-years away.",
      "wildcard": false
    },
    {
      "id": "science-016",
      "difficulty": "DIFFICULT",
      "type": "MULTIPLE_CHOICE",
      "prompt": "What is the smallest bone in the human body?",
      "options": ["Stapes", "Incus", "Malleus", "Hyoid"],
      "answer": 0,
      "explanation": "The stapes, or stirrup, sits in the middle ear and is only about 3 millimeters long.",
      "wildcard": false
    },
    {
      "id": "science-017",
      "difficulty": "DIFFICULT",
      "type": "MULTIPLE_CHOICE",
      "prompt": "Earth's protective ozone layer lies mainly in which layer of the atmosphere?",
      "options": ["Troposphere", "Stratosphere", "Mesosphere", "Thermosphere"],
      "answer": 1,
      "explanation": "About 90% of Earth's ozone is in the stratosphere, the layer just above the weather-filled troposphere.",
      "wildcard": false
    },
    {
      "id": "science-018",
      "difficulty": "DIFFICULT",
      "type": "MULTIPLE_CHOICE",
      "prompt": "Roughly what temperature, in degrees Celsius, is absolute zero?",
      "options": ["-100°C", "-196°C", "-273°C", "-459°C"],
      "answer": 2,
      "explanation": "Absolute zero, 0 kelvin, is -273.15°C (-459.67°F), the lowest temperature possible in theory.",
      "wildcard": false
    },
    {
      "id": "science-019",
      "difficulty": "DIFFICULT",
      "type": "MULTIPLE_CHOICE",
      "prompt": "Halley's Comet returns to the inner solar system roughly every how many years?",
      "options": ["About 26 years", "About 50 years", "About 76 years", "About 150 years"],
      "answer": 2,
      "explanation": "Halley's Comet comes back about every 75 to 76 years; it last appeared in 1986 and is due again in 2061.",
      "wildcard": false
    },
    {
      "id": "science-020",
      "difficulty": "DIFFICULT",
      "type": "MULTIPLE_CHOICE",
      "prompt": "Which chemist is famous for creating the periodic table of the elements in 1869?",
      "options": ["Antoine Lavoisier", "John Dalton", "Robert Boyle", "Dmitri Mendeleev"],
      "answer": 3,
      "explanation": "Dmitri Mendeleev ordered the elements by atomic weight and left gaps for elements not yet discovered.",
      "wildcard": false
    },
    {
      "id": "science-021",
      "difficulty": "STANDARD",
      "type": "MULTIPLE_CHOICE",
      "prompt": "Charles Darwin sailed to the Galápagos Islands aboard which ship?",
      "options": ["HMS Beagle", "HMS Bounty", "HMS Endeavour", "HMS Victory"],
      "answer": 0,
      "explanation": "Darwin's 1831-1836 voyage on HMS Beagle shaped his theory of evolution by natural selection.",
      "wildcard": false
    },
    {
      "id": "science-022",
      "difficulty": "STANDARD",
      "type": "MULTIPLE_CHOICE",
      "prompt": "Dry ice is the frozen, solid form of what?",
      "options": ["Carbon dioxide", "Nitrogen", "Carbon monoxide", "Ammonia"],
      "answer": 0,
      "explanation": "Dry ice is frozen carbon dioxide; it turns straight from solid to gas at about -109°F.",
      "wildcard": false
    },
    {
      "id": "science-023",
      "difficulty": "STANDARD",
      "type": "MULTIPLE_CHOICE",
      "prompt": "How many hearts does an octopus have?",
      "options": ["1", "2", "3", "4"],
      "answer": 2,
      "explanation": "Two hearts pump blood through the gills, and a third pumps it to the rest of the body.",
      "wildcard": true
    },
    {
      "id": "science-024",
      "difficulty": "STANDARD",
      "type": "TRUE_FALSE",
      "prompt": "Sound travels faster through air than through water.",
      "options": ["True", "False"],
      "answer": 1,
      "explanation": "Sound moves over four times faster in water: roughly 1,480 meters per second, versus about 343 in air.",
      "wildcard": false
    },
    {
      "id": "science-025",
      "difficulty": "STANDARD",
      "type": "MULTIPLE_CHOICE",
      "prompt": "What is the only mammal capable of true, powered flight?",
      "options": ["Flying squirrel", "Bat", "Sugar glider", "Colugo"],
      "answer": 1,
      "explanation": "Bats fly by flapping their wings; flying squirrels, sugar gliders and colugos can only glide.",
      "wildcard": true
    }
  ]
}